The Ecossaise is a fast-tempo genre in duple meter that was very popular in 18th-19th century Europe. Although the word "ecossaise" means "Scottish dance" in French, its actual musical character is not what is typically considered Scottish, but rather belongs to English dances.

Chopin's Ecossaises are said to have been composed around the age of 16; however, they feature skillful modulations and beautiful ornamental passages, making them impressive despite their small scale. Due to their high level of completion, some theories suggest they were composed later.