Consisting of 214 measures, this is a relatively well-known work among Bartók's piano miniatures.

Bartók produced a series of experimental piano works starting around 1908, and this piece, composed in 1911, marks the culmination of that period. It effectively integrates traditional Western piano writing with ethnic idioms derived from his research into Hungarian folk music, thereby establishing Bartók's distinctive individuality. The work was composed when Bartók was 31 years old.

The piece as a whole is in rondo form, built upon three rhythmic themes. Tritones and chromatic scales are prominently featured, and a primal impression is conveyed through its percussive pianism. The term "Barbaro" signifies "barbaric," and it is said that this title was intentionally adopted because Bartók's compositions were characterized as "barbaric" by critics in Paris.

While the intense dynamic shifts are striking, performers must avoid harsh, forced keystrokes that strain the body. It should be played tempo giusto.