It is known that this sonata was composed before 1784, as it was published in that year as part of "Sonata Collection, Vol. 2." This collection contained three works, Hob. XVI/40–42, Op. 37. All three of these piano sonatas consist of two movements, and the present piano sonata is the third of these.

First Movement

The first movement, in D major, is marked Andante con espressione and is in 3/4 time. This movement is written in rondo form, not sonata form. Its rondo theme is based on an ascending melodic figure, and the accompanying left-hand part is often notated in the treble clef, indicating a higher register. The first subsidiary theme suggests a dialogue between the left and right hands. Subsequently, the recurring rondo theme begins an octave lower than the opening and ascends to the same point as the beginning. Thus, its ascending character is further emphasized. The subsequent subsidiary theme, inserted later, features a reversal of the left and right hand's entry order from the preceding subsidiary theme. The rondo theme that recurs at the end of this movement (from m. 94) is rhythmically varied, enriched with intricate ornamental notes.

Second Movement

The second movement, Vivace assai, is also in D major, like the first movement. It appears to be written with a free conception, unconstrained by strict form. A lively character pervades the entire movement; rather than a strict recapitulation of the opening theme, the movement continuously spins out diverse developments of this theme in a perpetual motion style.