Clementi's Sonatina Op. 37 is an arrangement by the composer himself of a work originally composed as 'Sonatas with accompaniment for violin or flute,' Op. 4 (1780), later transcribed for solo piano as a sonatina. While the opus number Op. 37 is believed to have been assigned by Clementi himself, caution is advised as the same opus number is assigned to 'Three Sonatas' in the thematic catalogue compiled by researcher Alan Tyson.

The piece is in 3/4 time and D major, structured in compound ternary form. In the main section (Menuetto), after the opening theme appears in D major, the secondary theme (from m. 9) appears in A major. The middle section (Trio) modulates to G major.