Although it lacks divisions by double bar lines, it is structured into sections by tempo markings as follows: a Toccata Introduction (measures 1-12), an Adagio (measures 12-33), a lengthy Fugue titled Allegro (measures 33-170, with an Adagio cadenza (measure 85) placed in the middle), and a Coda consisting of Adagio and Presto (measures 171-175).

Overall, the abundant use of sequential progressions and rhythmic pattern repetitions gives it a somewhat archaic style. Nevertheless, the beauty of the melodies created by Bach is exceptional, and in the fugue, changes in texture and register cast various lights and shadows upon the melody.